Aviation History
Early birds didn't always escape the bonds of earthBy Dan Close
The Wichita Eagle
| This article originally appeared in the Eagle on Monday, October 15, 1984. |
Once Orville and Wilbur Wright proved, in 1903, that flying was possible, every hotshot who could scrape up lumber and sheets wanted to soar with the birds.
Aviation's first 15 years were filled with adventure. Daredevils smitten
by the clouds dreamed up their own crafts - ponderous dirigibles to primitive
helicopters to crude spruce-and-linen biplanes - in search of thrills and
chills.
Some even got off the ground.
At first, they flew just for the glory of sailing above the crowds and
making a few bucks giving rides at air shows and county fairs.
"During this period, aviation was probably more of a curiosity than
anything," said Walt House, a member of the Wichita Aeronautical Historical
Association. "There were some flyers who did it for the fun of barnstorming
and there were promoters who did it for the money they could make putting on
air shows."
Later, far-sighted businessmen would realize aviation's commercial
possibilities - hauling passengers and mail - and the course of flying would
be forever changed.
Wichita's early aviation history begins in 1908, a mere five years after
the Wright brothers first flew on Kill Devil Hill near Kitty Hawk, N.C.
The Commercial Club, the forerunner of the Chamber of Commerce, brought
dirigible pilot Roy Knabenshue to Wichita to perform during the city's
Peerless Prophet's Jubilee celebration Oct. 12 to 17, 1908.
Knabenshue had a national reputation as "the man who hedge hopped over the
lampposts of Broadway." But he didn't have much luck hopping over hedge rows
in Wichita.
Strong winds each day prevented Knabenshue's 150-foot-long, cigar-shaped
blimp - with a catwalk underneath that carried two 20 horsepower engines -
from getting off the ground.
Knabenshue left town when the Jubilee ended. But a few days later, another
pilot, Frank Goodale, managed to get about 50 feet up before gusty winds tore
the dirigible apart and tossed it to the ground.
So much for Wichita's first brush with aviation. The city didn't get
worked up again until three years later.
But in makeshift workshops across Kansas and the rest of the country,
early "aeronauts" continued experimenting, often altering crude drawings in
books to fit their own engineering ideas.
Bob Pickett, former historian for Cessna Aircraft Co., said that many of
the early inventors had turned to flying after their interest in sports such
as car racing palled.
"Really, they were not highly respected," Pickett said. "They were the
motorcycle riders of the day. They were kind of desperate for action."
In February 1908, a New York lawyer, author and lecturer named Henry
Laurens Call came to Girard in southeast Kansas with blueprints of a flying
machine, and established the Aerial Navigation Co. of America Inc.
Call was born in Ohio, raised in Silver Lake, Kan., and attended Kansas
State Agricultural College from 1879 to 1881, according to school records.
Described in later years as "tall, raw-boned, energetic and persuasive,"
he talked nearly everyone in Girard - from hotel porters to bankers - into
anteing up a total of $2,500 to start an airplane factory in a rented
lumberyard.
But much of Call's financial backing came from J.A. Wayland, who published
Appeal To Reason, a nationally known socialist newspaper, said William
Cuthbertson, a Girard historian. Girard was then a center of Socialist
activities.
"Call was going to fly a delegation of them to the Socialist convention
in Chicago on May 10, 1908 (in exchange for money to build his plane),"
Cuthbertson said.
The men were to leave Girard in the morning and dine in Chicago that evening.
To make the trip, Call built a four-winged contraption with two engines
and four propellers. It was dubbed the "Mayfly" because locals said that it
"may fly." But the plane wasn't finished until July 9, 1908, and never got off
the ground, according to research by Duane Thiessen of Pittsburg State
University in 1973.
The plane was ludicrous. Another Girard historian wrote in 1921 that "a
local businessmen commented that it was about the same size as a haystack -
and about as likely to fly."
Call apparently built at least 14 more craft of various designs -
including one dubbed the "Whynot" - but only one flew, a French Nieuport
lookalike that briefly took to the air Sept. 30, 1912.
"He was supposed to be quite an engineer but he didn't use any of the
things the Wright Brothers used," Cuthbertson said. "He just ignored anything
that had to do with sense, just kind of kept building these things that didn't
make any sense."
Thiessen said that Call's unscientific approach was strange, because he
"had studied math and physics at Manhattan College in New York and was a
member of the American Academy for the Advancement of Sciences."
The company went bankrupt in 1912, and Call left Girard. Five years later, at age 50, he was killed flying a plane in Wisconsin.
In 1909, the year after Call began experimenting in Girard, a couple of Rock Island railroad machinists in Goodland quit their jobs to build a primitive helicopter.
Charles A. Wilson and William J. Purvis built the machine, which had twin sets of blades that spun in opposite directions, and gave a demonstration flight on Thanksgiving Day 1909.
"It didn't fly," said William Daise, curator of the High Plains Museum in Goodland, which displays a 1976 replica of the helicopter. "As I understand, it was hooked to a steam engine that got it a few feet off the ground."
But that was enough to convince residents to buy stock in the venture, the Goodland Aviation Company. Daise said a second machine took to the air in June 1910, "but it was torn up in the air and never rebuilt."
The company folded, and its equipment was sold a few months later to one of the original investors. Other helicopters had been built and flown, but in 1910 the government granted the Goodland machine the first patent for any rotary-winged aircraft in the country.
Harold Norton of Brewster, a pilot who built the replica, said the Purvis-Wilson helicopter may have been capable of hovering a few feet but that it was incapable of horizontal flight.
"The sorry part of it is, that if there hadn't been so much fun made of it - if there had been a little more money put into it and interest shown in it - they might have worked the bugs out of it," Norton said.
In October 1910, in the southwest Kansas town of Jetmore, an equally weird experiment took place.
A.E. Hunt, a blacksmith, spent about two years hammering out his all-metal "Hunt Rotary" flying machine.
The machine reportedly was made of angle iron and gas pipe, and weighed between one and four tons. Hunt posed for photographers before attempting his ill-fated maiden flight.
"That was quite a sight," C.L. Hubbell, who was a spectator, recalled in a 1971 interview. "The rotary units on top were made of tin. They turned pretty fast, making an awful vibration and an awful noise. The whole thing was really vibrating."
Pipe clenched in his teeth, Hunt revved the six-cylinder engine and pulled levers controlling three rudders, but the two cylindrical disks that served as rotors weren't enough to lift the contraption.
"He tried to fly but he couldn't get it off the ground," said Alta Wilson, a Jetmore resident who's heard stories about Hunt. "He was a sad, disappointed person."
Hunt tried three different engines without success before the machine was dismantled and sold for scrap. He planned a second craft but it was never built.
"It is altogether possible that from the failure of this machine others gathered knowledge which has made the current helicopter possible," O.L.E. Haff, who saw the Hunt machine in his youth, recalled in a 1956 interview. "Mr. Hunt should not be forgotten. He was a pioneer - he pointed the way."
©The Wichita Eagle
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